Social and legal implications of judicial reform in Mexico

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the judicial reform enacted in 2024, which introduces the direct popular election of judges, magistrates, and ministers, along with the creation of the Judicial Disciplinary Tribunal. The methodology employed is an updated descriptive legal analysis, based on a review of academic literature, official documents, and social observations to assess both the legal foundations and social consequences of the reform. It articulates the reform's relationship with UN Sustainable Development Goal 16, which focuses on promoting strong institutions and universal access to justice, and with the National Strategic Human Security Program of the SECIHTI.

The study is based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines normative analysis, review of institutional sources, and social impact assessment. It assesses the risks and opportunities that the reform represents, especially in terms of judicial independence, democratization, citizen participation, and transparency. It examines practical aspects such as the logistics of mass electoral implementation, legal coordination between federal and state laws, and the diverse range of actors involved.

Furthermore, it highlights challenges such as the potential politicization of the judiciary and the need for robust oversight and accountability mechanisms. It proposes recommendations for public policy and future research, emphasizing legal training, civic education, and ongoing evaluation to strengthen the legitimacy and effectiveness of the reformed judicial system.